Paper Mononucleosis free essay sample

Albeit irresistible mononucleosis can be brought about by different infections, the most well-known method of transmission is through natural liquids particularly salivation, yet can likewise be spread through semen and blood during sexual contact, organ transplants and blood transfusions. As per our course reading Community/Public Health Nursing Practice (2013), side effects are fever, weakness, augmented lymph hubs, sore throat, disquietude, on occasion developed liver and spleen. The hatching time frame before you would begin to show these indications would be 4-6 weeks.Infectious Mononucleosis doesn't eave any significant entanglements that accompany the infection. You may get some optional contaminations, for example, a sinus disease and strep throat. The main significant inconvenience that can occur yet is uncommon is irritable break, which can happen 4 days to 3 weeks after you started to have indications. Any individual that is determined to have irresistible mononucleosis ought to stay away from any enthusiastic action or physical game for at least one month to forestall peevish burst, since it could be swollen from the contamination. We will compose a custom paper test on Paper Mononucleosis or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Because of irresistible mononucleosis being an infection there is no medicine or antiviral medication you can take to make it o away. In some cases individuals might be recommended a steroid to help with tonsil expanding however ordinarily indications will resolve all alone inside a couple of months. The best treatment a patient could accomplish for themselves is take unfriendly for fevers, get loads of rest, drink bunches of water, take a pain relieving if youre having any agony, maintain a strategic distance from physical games, and incredible exercises. The meaning Of determinants Of wellbeing incorporate elements that impact the strength of a populace or individual.How these determinants can add to an improvement of a sickness is by the people wellbeing practices, social and crazy situations and access to human services. Wellbeing practices, for example, kissing somebody with mono or with obscure mono can contaminate you and furthermore by having unprotected sex with that tainted individual too. By having intercessions that can adjust wellbeing determinants it can prompt improved wellbeing status and decrease o r end of wellbeing abberations among populaces and networks. Breaking down the transmittable malady requires the utilization of an epidemiological triangle. A portion of the elements you may find in this triangle are have factors, specialist factors and natural variables. Any adjustment in any of these variables gets an opportunity of changing the equalization of wellbeing. How the host factors work with irresistible mononucleosis it that requiring a host cell from a human that is typically is an adolescent or youthful grown-up. Irresistible mononucleosis doesn't victimize sex, foundation, race, conjugal status, religion, training and monetary status. There are no hereditary hazard factors with mononucleosis it is an irresistible disease.The anatomical site with irresistible mononucleosis is normally swollen and red tonsils, however you may likewise have the option to feel expanded lymph hubs in your neck, ND on the off chance that it is continuing for some time you may even have the option to feel a broadened spleen. On the off chance that you have irresistible mononucleosis you will consistently convey the infection that caused it, how ever when you get over mono you are exceptionally far-fetched to ever get mono again. Via conveying the infection it might get dynamic every now and then, which is viewed as dynamic invulnerability, however it won't be joined by any manifestations, yet when its dynamic it is infectious to others.With irresistible mononucleosis you can get tonsillitis, the lymphoid tissues in the rear of the mouth for the most part help to sift through microscopic organisms yet when the tonsils are contaminated the homeopathic framework can't channel the microbes like it typically should. For irresistible mononucleosis there is no inactive insusceptibility, you can be a powerless host to get irresistible mononucleosis. On the off chance that you have irresistible mononucleosis it is critical to keep up a decent eating regimen, and drink bunches of water to remain hydrated. However, note that you dont need to do any overwhelming action or physical game to do a conceivably broadened spleen.It is likewise prescribed to not have any sexual contact or kissing your accomplice who has irresis tible mononucleosis since it very well may be spread through this way. It is k for you as the patient to deal with their own food, yet would not set anyone up elses food since it very well may be spread through salivation, and you could inadvertent sniffle while cooking and taint somebody. A portion of the specialist factors that you will see with irresistible mononucleosis is that it is an infection and its regular method of transmission is through saliva.The destructive factor of irresistible mononucleosis is the idle disease of the B lymphocytes, it taints the a lymphocytes in lymphatic tissue and blood, as a result of the contamination to the B cells can cause inactive contamination, invigorate beneficiary development, or immobilizers cells, as expressed by (Brendan, 2014). As with respect to irresistible mononucleosis analysis there are actually no natural factors that cause this. There are numerous jobs a network wellbeing medical attendant face when managing a transmittable disease.The medical caretaker can help the network by attempting to cause them to comprehend the transferable sickness by giving them training and interceding varying. As the network nurture it would be their business to observation the transferable infection which incorporates orderly assort ment and examination of information with respect to the transmittable sickness. The essential counteraction is forestall the event of the transferable ailment, teach the patients and open who are at high danger of contracting the transmittable infection and how to forestall getting the transmittable illness and approaches to dispense with hazard factors for introduction. Optional anticipation would be expanding early identification by screening patients who may have interacted with the transmittable malady, allude associated cases with a transferable sickness for indicative affirmation. Tertiary anticipation is decline confusions because of the transferable infection through legitimate treatment, screen treatment ensnare, and forestall reinsertion. State laws order which transmittable illnesses must be accounted for to the CDC, irresistible mononucleosis isn't One Of the transferable ailments that should be accounted for to the territory of Wisconsin.Because of this you won't discover a lot of efficient assortment and examination of irresistible mononucleosis. There for the most part is no subsequent required from the network nurture for irresistible mononucleosis. One association that tends to irresistible mono sclerosis is the World Health Organization (WHO). The World Health Organization moves in the direction of diminishing transferable maladies in populaces that have en influenced by compassionate crises.

Technology Influence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Innovation Influence - Assignment Example In any case, EM has throughout the years battled with correspondence arranges that are regularly stuck or devastated in case of antagonistic catastrophic events. On account of Hurricane Katrina, for instance, a large number of the remote base stations were grounded and media transmission links were obliterated (Coombs and Holladay, 2012). Sticking of the systems is occasioned by over-burdening of call focuses, for example, the promoters introduced surpass their ability to finish approaching or active calls. This is a genuine test that not just effects the immediate survivors of the fiascos yet in addition the crisis groups attempting to safeguard lives and properties. Clearly, along these lines, the regular types of correspondence, which for the most part contain link and remote systems, are inclined to sticking and interruption of pre-essential framework. The issue has additionally been exasperated by government decrease of financial plan dispensed to FEMA which could have, somethin g else, profited their endeavors to strengthen media transmission framework inside the offices associated with crisis the executives. In spite of the above difficulties occasioned by over-dependence in regular correspondence frameworks, progressions in data and innovation seem to offer answer for this equivalent correspondence challenge. Without a doubt, the appearance of web based life foundation of correspondence have colossally settled the obstructions of stuck systems and decimation of framework. As it remains right now, Facebook and Twitter are the two online social stages with the most noteworthy number of supporters. In case of a fiasco, the casualties can without much of a stretch update their statuses and, in this way, loved ones can undoubtedly settled the area of one another. So also, through the hash-label include that allows an inclining point to be handily gotten to by millions over the globe, the different salvage organizations working in a joint effort with FEMA can without much of a stretch build up the area and the requirements of the people in question.

Health Assessment and Complex Care- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about theHealth Assessment and Complex Care for Hypertension. Answer: Presentation: In co-dismal condition, there is event of more than one malady in a similar patient. These maladies might be physical, physiological and mental. These maladies can influence numerous organ frameworks in the body, in any case, these illnesses may have normal or various instruments. Stoutness hypoventilation disorder is related with numerous different conditions like corpulence, diabetes, hypertension and mental sickness like misery. Mr. X is likewise connected with every one of these conditions. Manifestations of such patients incorporate rest apnea, expanded circulatory strain, wheezing, over the top daytime languor, tiredness because of expanded CO2 level, cerebral pain, chest torment and wretchedness. These ought to be fuse of various demonstrative tests in such patients which incorporate BMI, estimation of CO2 level, evaluation of torment, blood glucose estimation and circulatory strain estimation (Chau et al., 2012). In this exposition, a contextual investigation of Mr.X is talke d about, who is related with the various co-morbidities. Portrayal of the Patient: Mr. X is a 59-year elderly person and living with his significant other and two children. He is admitted to the clinic because of rest apnea, which is essentially related breathing issue during the rest. He is likewise co-bleak with different conditions like weight, ventilation disorder, sorrow and type 2 diabetes. Because of his wellbeing conditions he lost his employment and as result he created discouragement. He is additionally keeping himself socially separated in light of the fact that he is embarrassed about his weight. In the wellbeing evaluation, his essential parameters were surveyed and it is obvious that these parameters were strange. His BMI and body weight are 58 m2 and 165 kg individually. Ordinary BMI in a grown-up individual ought to be between 18.5 to 24.9 m2. Typical respiratory rate ought to be between 12 20 bpm in grown-ups, anyway it is 28 bpm in Mr. X. This condition is called as tachypnea. Ordinary heartbeat rate ought to be between 60 100 bpm, anyway it is 13 2 bpm in Mr. X. This condition is called as tachycardia. Ordinary internal heat level range ought to be between 36.1C to 37.2C. Be that as it may, his internal heat level is 38.9C. His systolic circulatory strain is 180 and diastolic pulse is 90. For this situation, there is increment in the systolic pulse and ordinary diastolic circulatory strain. Such sort of condition is called as secluded pulse. In his evaluation, it has been seen that his torment score is 7 in the size of 10. This sort of torment is serious torment and with this torment, it is hard to perform exercises of every day living (Timby et al., 2009). Pathophysiology: There are various neurotic components engaged with the weight. There is change in the leptin quality and increment in the leptin articulation, which is a satiety factor. Leptin and ghrelin are delivered by the fat tissues and follow up on the nerve center to control craving. There is expanded number and size of adipocytes in the stoutness patients like Mr. X. Adipocytes produce different peptides and metabolites which are liable for the expansion in body weight. In type 2 diabetes, there is fringe insulin obstruction and deficient insulin emission by pancreatic beta cells. In fixate patients like Mr. X, there is event of insulin opposition, anyway diabetes creates in patients in whom there is inadequate emission of insulin to make up for insulin obstruction. In such hefty patients, insulin level might be high; anyway it would be lacking for the grew high glucose level (Hwang et al., 2012; Reisner, 2013.. Insulin opposition primarily happens because of expanded degrees of unsaturated fats. If there should be an occurrence of Mr. X, there may be expanded degrees of unsaturated fats because of stoutness. These free unsaturated fats alongside proinflamamtory cytokines are liable for the decreased glucose transport into the muscle cells and raised degrees of glucose creation by liver. Hypertension for the most part caused because of the dysregulation in the reninangiotensinaldosterone framework. Renin is liable for keeping up extracellular volume and blood vessel vasoconstriction. Renin assumes significant job in the dividing angiotensinogen in angiotensin I affected by angiotensin changing over chemical. In this cleavage there is creation of angiotensin II, which is answerable for the tightening of veins, fringe obstruction and thusly increment in the pulse. In the examination, it is obvious that, stoutness is a hazard factor for hypertension in view of initiation of reninangiotensin in the fat tissues (Hall et al., 2015; DeMarco et al., 2015). Sorrow principally happens because of the unsettling influence in the focal sensory system synapses like serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), glutamate, and cerebrum determined neurotrophic factor (BDNF). There is diminished metabolic movement in the neocortical structures and expanded metabolic action in limbic structures. It is clear from the investigations that downturn can prompt the hypertension in quiet like Mr. X. In burdensome and hypertensive patients like Mr. X, there is expanded thoughtful tone and expanded discharge of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol. In burdensome patients there is absence of dopamine which may prompt the lack of dopamine at key locales in the mind which can prompts advancement of hypertension. Then again hypertension can likewise prompts burdensome state in the person. Hypertension prompts the cerebrovascular and ischemic changes which may brings about the burdensome state in the people (Rubio-Guerra et al., 2013). In stoutness hypoventilation condition, there is decreased affectability for the expanded degrees of PaCO2 and leptin opposition. Because of large state of the patient, there can be extra mechanical burden on the respiratory framework, which lead to the respiratory disappointment. At first, hypoventilation happens in daytime and in later stages it prompts the rest apnea (Mokhlesi, 2010). In the investigations, it is obvious that there is raised provocative middle people like interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor corruption factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-18 (IL-18), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and C-receptive protein (CRP). It is clear that there is immediate connection among's BMI and raised plasma levels of IL-6 or TNF alpha. Because of expanded irritation in the fringe tissues in corpulence, there is event of insulin obstruction and hypofunctioning of hypothalamic C discharging hormone which lead to the advancement of rest apnea (Dabal and BaHammam, 2009). Mediation: Most significant mediation for Mr. X ought to be body weight decrease. It is apparent that at any rate 10 kg decrease in the body weight can improve the working of the respiratory framework. Mr. X is enduring serious corpulence and it is headstrong to dietary and helpful mediation. In such cases bariatric medical procedure end up being progressively valuable. Be that as it may, care ought to be taken while alluding Mr. X for bariatric medical procedure since he is related with various co-morbidities and there might be hazard during general sedation and post employable inconveniences. There ought to be joining of not many smaller than expected intrusive and obtrusive careful ways to deal with accomplish decrease in body weight. These methodologies not just lessen body weight and improve respiratory capacity yet in addition improve circulatory strain and glucose levels. Positive aviation route pressure ventilation (PAP) would be valuable in Mr. X since it gives alleviation from the obs tructive part and change chest divider and lung mechanics in extreme heftiness patients (Verbraecken and McNicholas, 2013). Oxygen supplementation would be useful in Mr. X to turn around hypoxemia. In any case, it ought to be remember that by itself oxygen supplementation would not be useful in improving rest apnea in Mr. X. Fat hypoventilation disorder is generally connected with the co-horrible conditions which mostly influences cardiovascular framework, respiratory framework and metabolic framework. Consequently, pharmacotherapy ought to be given to Mr. for particular infection condition. Mr. X additionally ought to be encouraged to keep up appropriate and physical movement. It would be useful in dodging further embellishment of conditions like stoutness, hypertension and diabetes (BaHammam, 2015; Shetty and Parthasarathy, 2015). Release Planning: Individualized release arranging ought to be actualized for Mr. X as he is related with numerous co-morbidities. Release arranging of Mr. X ought to include home consideration, self administration, arrangement of specific nursing care, development of gatherings with comparative illness condition for trade of data, joining of social laborer for advising, specialists in the network based consideration, diet adjustments, physical exercise, the board of misery and uneasiness. Precise data about drugs ought to be given to the family doctor since Mr. X needs to devour numerous drugs. Wrong organization of single medicine may prompt the medication associations, unfriendly conditions and different complexities. Release plan ought to incorporate timetable for follow-up visits and post-release support (McMartin, 2013). End: Corpulence and related co-grimness like stoutness hypoventilation disorder is a significant wellbeing condition. As this condition includes various sickness and frameworks, there ought to be fuse of the multidisciplinary approach for the administration of this condition containing pharmacological and non-pharmacological administration. In such patients, pulse, blood glucose and lipid esteems ought to be controlled. The executives of these conditions would be useful in maintaining a strategic distance from further inconveniences in the patient. Various components are associated with such co-sullen patients and there is prerequisite of numerous meds for treating each condition. Consequently, prescriptions ought to be controlled with care so these drugs ought not influence other ailments. Likewise, th

The Suicide Act - Free Essay Example

Critically assess whether the Suicide Act 1961 should be amended to permit physician assisted suicide. The Suicide Act 1961 amended the law of England and wales and professed that the act of suicide is not a criminal offence. However, section 2(1) of the current legislation makes it a statutory offence to â€Å"aid, abet or counsel or procure the suicide of another.†[1] Thus the criminal act carries a sentence of up to fourteen years imprisonment for assisting another to commit suicide. This subsection of the legislation commonly relates and incorporates to all cases of assisted suicide including Physician assisted suicide (PAS). Nevertheless there has been a myriad of efforts to legalise PAS; commonly, by means of private members’ bill in the House of Lords however none have been successful yet. Lord Joffe, a prominent supporter of PAS, proposed the ‘Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill’ three times, in order to provide the opportunity of PAS to individuals who were critically ill, however the possibility for the current legislation to be amended was opposed in 2006 by 148 votes to 100[2]. However, whether the Suicide Act should be reformed to permit PAS has proven to be somewhat stimulating to many legal theorists and contemporary academics for decades. The term ‘Physician Assisted Suicide’ relates to a circumstance by which a physician intentionally provides a treatment to a knowledgeable and capable patient on her or his request. Even though in the case of such an event, the means to the death of the individual is self-administered, the physician’s role as an agent is in breach of s.2 of the Suicide Act 1961.[3] Nevertheless the American and European jurisdictions share common principles regarding such instances, which insinuate that PAS is considered to be a moral wrong and an offence of criminal nature on a universal scale.[4] Currently, there have been prominent legal proceedings in America and Canada in pursuit of challenging the ‘universal belief’ that PAS is a criminal offence. According to the factual and moral assessments of PAS alongside further cases in the medical field, the patient’s death has a correlation with the Actus Reus or omission executed by the physician. In cases as such, it is clear that the position of human rights’ jurisprudence[5] in regards to medical law is somewhat controversial, thus prompting the need for the current legislation of PAS in the UK to reform. Prior to legalising PAS, some would argue that ethical and religious grounds should be taken into account. For instance a common ethical concept whereby many emphasise moral significance to PAS, is the fact that it does not directly kill the patient and the patient is simply assisted. However, In Williams’ ‘Intention and Causation in Medical Non-Killing’[6], Williams argues that in both instances physicians are inducing the means to death. Furthermore, she puts forward an oblique alternative; the formation of an identifiable offence in which she calls a ‘medical mercy- killing’ whereby the particular circumstance, intention and the patient’s consent should be considered equally. Williams draws attention to the differences between an omission and an act in relation to the execution of PAS. Nevertheless she maintains that such terms should not be manipulated because it could â€Å"absolve medical professionals from criminal liability.†[7] According to Williams, the law makers are culpable of interpreting a physician’s withdrawal of an effective tre atment from the patient as â€Å"falling outside the general legal prohibition against deliberate active killing†[8]; therefore the withdrawal of the beneficial treatment is not merely an omission but could be perceived as a criminal offence as death is an immediate result. Thus Williams is concerned that the classification and depiction of an ‘omission’ and an ‘act’, â€Å"rules out the signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cance of intention and causation from those activities perceived to be omissions.†[9] Albeit an omission is a concept in criminal law which concerns the Actus Reus of a crime and not the ‘intention’, In the case of Airedale Trust v Bland[10] the House of Lords did acknowledge that the physician intended to withdraw the feeding tube to end the life of his suffering patient. However in regards to the case, It is worthy of note that the law permits an omission leading to the patient’s death whereby the patient has given c onsent to discontinue the treatment. Furthermore, the law also enforces upon the fact that the court’s approval is needed if the patient is in a ‘Permanent Vegetative State’. Therefore one could culminate that if a physician can in fact omit to giving treatment then in this specific context, the Suicide Act should be amended to permit PAS. However, the amendment of the Suicide Act could possibly undermine some ethical and religious principles. The sanctity of human life is a fundamental moral argument against PAS which upholds ethical principles. The notion that life is sacred is indeed an issue raised in the Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill; â€Å"life is God-given and cannot in consequence be terminated by others, even on request.†[11] Hence this ethical concept puts forward the argument that every individual deserves to be valued irrespective of the pain or experience that they are going through, as the human life is an indispensable good a nd not to be treated as a means to an end. Thus this concept forbids the killing of a patient since it’s not a legitimate defence. Nevertheless, atheists and other non-classical theists maintain that there is also a secularist approach of the concept of sanctity of life. For instance, Professor Glover defined the principle as â€Å"an absolute barrier, an absolute ban, not derived from a religious source on the intentional taking of innocent human life†[12] in which he understood to be similar to the religious and moral concept. Indeed the sanctity of human life seems to be a universal concept, therefore it highlights the possibility of a wide scale opposition if PAS is legalised. Furthermore in the Bill, Rev Gill supported the idea that the amendment of the act could result in a national upheaval, he maintained that â€Å"to secular people life is still given, it is given by the people; you did not invent your life. Human life is in that sense special and to be treat ed with carewhether we are religious or not.†[13] Indeed, the sanctity of human life seems to be a polemic issue in regards to the moral and religious sphere within society. Therefore if the majority of the population consider that there is a moral duty to uphold the sacredness of life, then the legalisation of PAS could possibly lead to a social upheaval. Nonetheless, it can be perceived that the sanctity of human life affects the underlying choices that concern the human autonomy. The fundamental concept of autonomy is the right for an individual to define the boundaries that define his life. To the dogma of justice, the value for the patient’s autonomy is regarded as essential to those would like the Suicide Act to be amended to permit PAS. In some instances an individual is incapable of taking their own life; therefore the need for medical expertise of a physician in order to die painlessly is necessary. In the case of Pretty[14], it was maintained that Pretty ha d the ‘right to life’ due to the fact that in Article 2 of the ECHR[15], â€Å"Everyones right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally†. [16] Thus she argued that the Courts should not repudiate her husband’s assistance in her pursuit to die as the Article protects her liberties but also the ‘right to life’. The Article seemed to recognise that individuals like Pretty could choose whether to end their life. In regards to this case, it can be argued that a consenting patient should have the freedom to choose whether a physician shall assist them to die. Nonetheless, Richard Posner takes a pragmatic view in relation to the human autonomy; he maintains that â€Å"A prohibition against assisting suicide cannot be justified on this ground in cases in which the person who wants to end his life is incapable of doing so without assistance†.[17] Hence, in exceptional situations, the sanctity of human life seems to act as an impediment to individuals like Pretty because her autonomy is somewhat appropriated.[18] Therefore, by legalising PAS individuals’ are treated as autonomous persons, thus the freedom of choice to die in dignity is valued and respected. However, without strict guidelines and safeguards, legalising PAS could lead to many complicated problems. In some instances, the principle of autonomy undermines the sanctity of human life as autonomy is not regarded as a moral absolute. It is significant to measure the individual’s freedom against what is rational because the principle of autonomy has no universal grounds due to its subjectivity. For instance, Kant maintains that rational agents should be treated as an end to themselves due to religious beliefs that the human body belongs to a divine being, therefore a â€Å"Man cannot have the power to dispose of his life.†[19] Hence, Kant lays great importance on rationality over prima facie obligat ions. However, according to the Utilitarian theory, an outcome or motive should benefit the majority without the interference of one’s beliefs or moral standards because every action should apply to â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number of people†.[20] Even though Kant highly values the human autonomy he considers the duty to be a rational act because an individual should be well informed about the medical procedure in order to be able to base a decision on a universal principle (‘thou shalt not kill’) and not on their self-interest. It is worthy of note that human life is also a fundamental good as opposed to an instrumental good, hence being a value in itself than a means to an end. Albeit the concept of sanctity of life values human life and reinforces a physician’s duty of care to the patient, the Law makers should focus on a moral concept whereby the majority will be able to relate to and comprehend. Indeed, if the principle of autono my is a universally accepted concept amongst members of this society then PAS should be permitted because the theory respects the notion that every individual deserves the right to life and the right to die. Nevertheless there are practical arguments which expose the complication which could arise if the act is to be amended to permit PAS. The concept of slippery slope suggests that by permitting PAS, physicians will gradually move away from the standards and principles which they are supposed to uphold, thus inevitably leading to involuntary PAS. For instance, in places where PAS is legal, such as in the Netherlands, it has been documented that â€Å"†¦only 53 percent of these cases did the patient ever express interest in receiving euthanasia.† [21] Certainly, it is clear that if PAS is legalised, the chances of involuntary PAS is far more than likely. In support of this contention, in Dr Ezekiel’s critical essay he reports that in â€Å"15 percent of euthan asia cases, patients were not involved in the decision to end their lives, sometimes even when they were competent†. [22] As a result, it is empirical that PAS could be practised regardless of the patients consent. It is even more deplorable that such instances occur when the action is illegal and the penalties are of such severity in the Netherlands, with persistent claims of â€Å"explicit and established safeguards† [23] exempting involuntary PAS. To an extent, the slippery slope argument highlights prevalent problems that society would have to deal with if the suicide act is amended to legalise PAS. However, many have criticised the slippery slope as a fallacy because it makes an assumptive leap to an irrational conclusion. Almagore suggests that if specific guidelines and safeguards are set in place then PAS would benefit those who are in palliative care and terminally ill.[24] Nonetheless, in his discussion he outlines the dangers of permitting PAS. Almagore eluci dates that PAS should be practised by experienced physicians who have known the patient for a long period of time otherwise physician’s will be guilty of making irrational judgements on cases ; he uses the example of Dr Kevorkian who assisted; â€Å"44 people in one state; 15 who were terminally ill and 29 who suffered from chronic conditions†.[25] From this study, one can easily draw attention to the dangerous consequences of PAS if the law is amended to permit it without any effective safeguards. Not only does the slippery slope argument highlight the correlation of voluntary and involuntary PAS, but it also accentuates the degree of risk to vulnerable patients. Such lives could inevitably be ended against their autonomy and when there are alternative methods to relieve suffering, it could be more expensive than the administration of the drug. For instance, according to Almagore, Kevorkian was â€Å"unqualified and was disinterested in examining patients and exam ining their cause of illness and assisted those who were misdiagnosed.†[26] Permitting PAS would therefore result in some Physicians favouring other pain relieving and cost effective factors. In addition to the slippery slope argument, as well as addressing issues such as the disrespect, degradation and contempt of the value of human life, it also focuses on concerns surrounding the efficiency on both cost and time. In relation to the economic analysis regarding the creation of such legislation, the Kaldor-Hicks efficiency[27] illustrates that PAS maximises wealth as it releases beds in hospitals and reduces the government’s spending on palliative care and medication for terminally ill patients, thus generating greater net benefits. However, the Pareto efficiency theory insinuates that PAS does not necessarily make one party better off[28] as there is a ‘Pareto optimal’ allocation of recourses. The outcome of the action executed by the physician is sufficie nt as there is an equally sufficient compensation and also improves the welfare of the state without the deprivation of the other. These theories of efficiency are certainly hard to apply since involuntary PAS would not be Pareto efficient or moral as there is an exclusive focus on generating greater net benefits for the majority. Therefore, the slippery slope argument is indubitably sound because if the legislatures take a Kaldor-Hicks approach then surely involuntary PAS would to some length become a reasonable means. Indeed the Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill was determined on permitting assisted suicide only with the facilitation of a Physician, it was somewhat clear based on evidence that other states carried out involuntary assisted suicide after the legislation was passed for PAS. Nevertheless, according to the Attorney-General it was apparent that, â€Å"the traditional attitude of the common law was to condemn suicide until the law was changed by the Suicide Act 1961†.[29] It seems to the majority that though the assisted suicide Laws in the Netherlands and Belgium specify that physicians alone are permitted to assist with suicide, the documented ill-practises executed by these Doctors creates a prodigious challenge to the legislatures in England and Wales. Nonetheless when legislations as such are amended many would argue that simply providing treatment with the consent of the patient does not abuse an individual’s autonomy. However implementing safeguards for PAS would be complicated as explored in the slippery slope. Even so, the principle of autonomy takes into consideration the very matter of an individual’s freedom of choice a profoundly serious virtue and right and one that necessitates a remarkable deal of justification. Bibliography Cases Airedale Trust v.Bland [1993] 1 All ER 821 [HL] R. (on the application of Pretty) v DPP [2001] UKHL 61 Legislations European Convention on Human Rights Suicide Act 1961 Books and Reports ‘The Concept of Pareto Efficiency’, lt;https://pages.uoregon.edu/cjellis/441/441notes.pdfgt;last accessed 15 December 2013, 2007) Almagor R C, â€Å"A Circumscribed Plea for Voluntary Physician- Assisted Suicide†, (2000) 913 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 127 Elliott and Quinn ‘English Legal System’ (14th edition, Pearson 2013) Emanuel E J, ‘What is the Great Benefit of Legalizing Euthanasia of Physician-Assisted Suicide?’ (1999) 109 Ethics |lt;https://philosophyfaculty.ucsd.edu/faculty/rarneson/Courses/EMANUELwhatisthebenefit.pdfgt; last accessed 12 December 2013 Gorsuch N M, ‘The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia’ (Princeton University Press 2006), Ch. 7 Kant I, ‘The issue of Suicide’- lt;https://philosophia.uncg.edu/sites/default/files/PHI301metivier/pdf/Kant-Suicide.pdf gt;pp. 147-154 last accessed 12 December 2013 Kennedy and Grubb A, ‘Medical Law’ (2nd edition, Butterworths 1994) Posner R, â€Å"The Tanner lectures on Human Values- Euthanasia and Health Care: Two Essays on the Policy Dilemmas of Aging and Old Age† lt;https://tannerlectures.utah.edu/_documents/a-to-z/p/Posner96.pdfgt;last accessed 14 December 2013, (Yale university 1994) The Select Committee| ‘Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill’ |HL|(2004-05)| HL Paper 86I |lt;https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200405/ldselect/ldasdy/86/8604.htmgt; Last accessed 15 December 2013 Williams G, ‘Intention and Causation in Medical Non-Killing: The Impact of Criminal Law Concepts on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide’ (Routledge-Cavendish 2007) Stone R, ‘Textbook on Civil Liberties and Human Rights’ ( 6th edition, Oxford University Press 2006) Jackson E, ‘Medical Law Text, Cases and Materials’ (3rd edition, oxford university press 2013) Stauch M and Wheat K with Tingle J, ‘Text, Cases and Materials on Medical Law’ (3rd Edition, Routledge Cavendish 2006) Slapper G and Kelly D, ‘English Legal System’ -2013-2014 (Routledge 2013) Molenaar J C, ‘A Report from the Netherlands’ [1987] Bioethics [1] Kennedy and A. Grubb, ‘Medical Law’ (2nd edition, Butterworths 1994) page; 1282 [2] Emily Jackson, ‘Medical Law Text, Cases and Materials’ (3rd edition) (oxford university press 2013) page; 929 [3] Suicide Act 1961, s 3 [4] Jan C. Molenaar, ‘A Report from the Netherlands’ [1987] Bioethics page 156 [5] Kennedy and A. Grubb, ‘Medical Law’ (2nd edition, Butterworths 1994) page;1241 [6] Glenys Williams, ‘Intention and Causation in Medical Non-Killing: The Impact of Criminal Law Concepts on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide’ (Routledge-Cavendish 2007) [7] Ibid 87 [8] Ibid [9] Ibid [10]Airedale Trust v.Bland [1993] 1 All ER 821 (HL) [11] The Select Committee| ‘Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill’ |HL|(2004-05)| HL Paper 86I |page 24/paragraph 53 [12] Ibid [13] Ibid [14] R. (on the application of Pretty) v DPP [2001] UKHL 61 [15] European Convention on Human Rights [16] European Convention on Human Rights, Article 2 [17] Richard Posner, â€Å"The Tanner lectures on Human Values- Euthanasia and Health Care: Two Essays on the Policy Dilemmas of Aging and Old Age† lt;https://tannerlectures.utah.edu/_documents/a-to-z/p/Posner96.pdfgt;last accessed 14 December 2013, (Yale university 1994) [18] Neil M. Gorsuch, ‘The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia’ (Princeton University Press 2006), Ch. 7 [19] Immanuel Kant, ‘The issue of Suicide’- lt;https://philosophia.uncg.edu/sites/default/files/PHI301metivier/pdf/Kant-Suicide.pdf gt;pp. 147-154 last accessed 12 December 2013 [20] Elliott and Quinn ‘English Legal System’ (14th edition, Pearson 2013) page: 678 [21] E J Emanuel, ‘What is the Great Benefit of Legalizing Euthanasia of Physician-Assisted Suicide?’ Vol.109 No.3. (1999) 109 Ethics 640-1 [22] Ibid 640 [23] Ibid [24] R Cohen-Almagor, â€Å"A Circumscribed Plea for Voluntary Physician- Assisted Suicide†, (2000) 913 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 127 [25] Ibid [26] Ibid [27] A method used in economic analysis for legal scenarios for cost effectiveness. [28] ‘The Concept of Pareto Efficiency’, lt;https://pages.uoregon.edu/cjellis/441/441notes.pdfgt;last accessed 15 December 2013, Page; 1 [29] The Select Committee| ‘Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill’ |HL|(2004-05)| HL Paper 86I | paragraph 11

Teaching Is Not Just A Job - 890 Words

â€Å"Teaching is not just a job. It is a human service, and it must be thought of as a mission† (â€Å"Inspiration,† 2000). This quote by Dr. Ralph Tyler really illustrates what his view was on education. He worked his whole life to find the best methods and practices to help teachers teach to the best of their ability, which will in turn help students learn the most they can. Tyler spent 39 years working in higher education and is credited bringing about some of the biggest changes in the fields of curriculum, objectives, and evaluation (Parks, 2011). Through Tyler’s teaching methods and accomplishments, his philosophy on education has changed the way that curriculum is designed, organized, and assessed. Eight-Year Study Ralph Tyler was born in Nebraska in 1902 (Finder, 2008). After completing his schooling, he became a high school science teacher in Pierre, South Dakota (Finder, 2008). However, learning always intrigued him, so he wanted to go back to school to continue his education. He received his master’s degree at the University of Nebraska and his doctorate at the University of Chicago (Finder, 2008). After completing his coursework, he started teaching at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and then moved to Ohio State University (Finder, 2008). In the 1930s, in the midst of a nationwide Depression, high schools were more full than they had ever been. There were not many jobs for adults, and even less for youth. This led to more students in high school, whichShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose for a Career as a School Teacher or Book Critic1131 Words   |  5 Pagesthe jobs would be enjoyable and a new experience every day. As a teacher, each day would bring new lessons and, each year, new students. As a critic, the end of one project would bring a new book with a new story, and possibly, a new employer. 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Ethical Dilemmas And Moral Courage - 1473 Words

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Charles Dickens was born in 1812, he lived during a time of great social change in Europe Essay Example For Students

Charles Dickens was born in 1812, he lived during a time of great social change in Europe Essay Charles Dickens was born in 1812, he lived during a time of great social change in Europe. At the age of twelve Dickens was taken out of school in London, and put to work in a filthy warehouse where he had to stick labels on bottles of boot-black. He was uprooted at the warehouse and was utterly lonely as his father, mother and five siblings were placed in a debtors prison where John Charles Charles Dickens father worked as a clerk. Dickens suppressed this episode for much of his adult life, acknowledging it only in his fiction. It is revisited too, in Great Expectations, when the stupid, clumsy labouring boy Pip goes to London to escape the indignities of the smithy work, only to find himself increasingly implicated in substrate of crime and deprivation, which seem to make his London experience an extended symbolic brooding on the taint first encountered by Dickens himself in the Blacking Warehouse. The setting of Great Expectations is during Victorian England. This is a very important time when many changes were happening in society. The Industrial Revolution of the late 18th and early 19th centuries greatly transformed society and the work ethics. This novel is also, to a certain extent, an autobiography of Charles Dickens life. Great Expectations was certainly one of Charles Dickens greatest critical and popular successes. The story is told as a first person narrative with the main character, Pip, explaining his life and times. Great Expectations is both an absorbing mystery as well as a morality tale. It centers around the story of Pip Phillip Pirrip. Pip is a man that all through his young life tries to better himself because he is ashamed of who he is, and where he came from. When fortune falls in his lap, Pip is forced to realize that money does not make you happy, and that it cannot buy what he wants most, Estellas love. Pip is a poor village boy, his expectations of wealth, and his development through life after an early meeting with the escaped convict Magwich, who he treats kindly despite his fear. Pips unpleasant sister and her humorous and friendly blacksmith husband, Joe, bring him up. Young Pip is then introduced to Miss Havisham, a now aging woman who has given up on life after being jilted at the altar, and also meets her adopted daughter Estella. Estella is a beautiful girl but seems an empty shell of a person. Cruelly, Miss Havisham has brought up Estella to revenge her own pain and so as Pip falls in love with her she is made to torture him in romance. Aspiring to be a gentleman despite his humble beginnings, Pip seems to achieve the impossible by receiving a fund of wealth from an unknown source and being sent to London with a lawyer, Jaggers. He is employed but eventually loses everything and his love, Estella, marries another. Pip soon learns that his benefactor is Magwich and his future existence is based upon outgrowing the great expectations and returning to Joe. Eventually Pip is reunited with Estella. In Great Expectations, Dickens is interested in what it means to be a gentleman. He explores this theme through three characters, Pip, Joe and Magwich. All three characters are not of a high social position. The social classes in England at this time were immensely divided between the upper class and the working class, which is what Pip, Joe and Magwich belonged to. Joe and Pip lived in the bustling and dirty city of London rather than the calm and scarcely populated countryside. .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb , .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb .postImageUrl , .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb , .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb:hover , .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb:visited , .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb:active { border:0!important; } .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb:active , .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u93c8c6b66ae4e4ca6f3e362f290849cb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Social services EssayThe novel also clearly shows the strict rules and expectations that governed people in the different classes, especially the higher classes. People from the working class were not supposed to mix with people of the higher classes and the rules they had to live by were strict. Pip is the main character and also the narrator of the story. The very first time we see Pip he is a very small boy and he is in a graveyard. He tells us that he is looking at the graves of his mother, father, brothers and sisters. He goes on to indicate that he never even saw them but forms his impressions of them from their gravestones. Pip is then approached by an escaped convict, Magwich, and is very frightened by this encounter. Dickens describes this fear very accurately. Pip risks his own punishment by stealing food and equipment to help the convict, however, Pip also tells Magwich that he hopes he enjoys the food. This shows signs of kindness and generosity which are both gentlemanly traits. Pips life at home is far from ideal. It is Christmas Eve but the only way Pip appears to observe this is by stirring the pudding all evening until his arm aches. His sister continuously threatens him and Joe with her stick and with tar-water. Pip belongs to a home of very low social class shown by the dialect and lack of education in his home. By the end of Chapter 7, Pip is about to be dragged off to play at Miss Havishams. When arriving at Miss Havishams Satis House Pip meets a young girl who turns out to be Estella, Miss Havishams adopted daughter. Pip sees her and instantly falls in love with her looks, however later on when talks to Estella he learns that Estellas personality is not as pretty as her looks, and that infact she is a cold à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" hearted young girl. Pip is then introduced to Miss Havisham, who asks him what he thinks of Estella. Pip protects Estellas feelings by whispering into Miss Havishams ear as to what he really thinks of Estella, this is another gentlemanly trait, this shows Pips etiquette. Pip shows gentlemanly traits further on in the story when he is much older. Pip helps Magwich escape from London and tells Magwich that he is going to go with him. However, Magwich and Pip get caught and Magwich ends up being locked up in jail and is sentenced to death. Pip show a gentlemanly trait throughout all of this episode and stays with Magwich till his end. Another character which shows signs of being a true gentleman is Joe, who shows various different gentlemanly traits throughout the story. Joe Gargery is married to Pips sister, Mrs Joe, making him Pips brother-in-law. However, due to the age difference between them and the fact that Pip is an orphan, Joe is more like a father to Pip, and calls him his own son, which shows that he is genuinely fond of Pip. Pip describes Joe as a mild, good-natured, sweet-tempered, easy-going, foolish, dear fellow. Pip sister treats Joe almost as badly as she treats Pip himself and Pip claims that he treats Joe as a larger species of child and as no more than Pips equal. However, Joes care and concern for Pip shows the importance of their relationship during Pips unhappy childhood. Apart from his strong relationship with Pip, Joe leads an unhappy life as a poor blacksmith who repeatedly gets threatened by his wife, Mrs Joe. Mrs Joe is a tyrannical sister and mother figure, Mrs. Joe raised Pip from the time his parents died when he was a baby until her accident. .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1 , .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1 .postImageUrl , .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1 , .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1:hover , .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1:visited , .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1:active { border:0!important; } .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1:active , .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1 .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uebc7a60641686f631bb73b33632e45f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Enric Miralles - Time Architecture EssayAbusive and prone to rampages of her temper, she appeared in the beginning to be an almost uncaring but authoritative figure. Being the good hearted man Joe is, he would never hit back at his wife and always tries to protect Pip from her, this is a gentlemanly trait. Joe also stands up for his abusing wife when Orlick is rude to her. When Joe learns that Pip helped the convict, Magwich, by giving him some food and equipment, Joe say that he would not want to see the convict starve, rather than lose his temper with Pip. When Pip gets an apprenticeship and goes to London, Joe goes to visit him. Joe wears his Sunday best, however uncomfortable, just so he doesnt let Pip down. When Joe meets Pip he calls him Mr Pip, even though Pip is younger than him, he does this to show respect. He also wears his Sunday best when he goes to see Miss Havisham. Further on in the story, Joe helps Pip by paying his debts with the savings he was going to use to marry Biddy. He also cares for Pip when he becomes ill, even though Pip has not been good to him. The third character to show gentlemanly traits is Magwich. A convict and Pips benefactor, at different times in the story Magwich is both villain and hero. After the loss of his daughter, Magwich develops affection for the young boy who brings him food, brandy, and a file. Wanting the boy to be all he couldnt be, he devotes his life to making money and giving it to the boy to be a gentleman. Magwich risks his own life so he can see Pip. Magwich shows gentlemanly traits through various different parts throughout the story. When Pip brings Magwich some food and equipment, Magwich thanks him. Magwich works hard and lives a rough life so that he can save enough money to make Pip a gentleman. Also, Magwich doesnt blame Pip when his escape goes wrong, towards the end of the story.